Colorectal cancer is one of the most common types of cancer, yet it is also one of the most preventable. With regular screenings, healthy lifestyle choices, and early detection, the chances of successful treatment increase significantly. Understanding the risks, symptoms, and preventative measures can help individuals take proactive steps toward protecting their health.

What is Colorectal Cancer?

Colorectal cancer begins in the colon or rectum, which are parts of the digestive system. It typically starts as small, noncancerous growths called polyps. Over time, some polyps can develop into cancer. Early detection and removal of these polyps can prevent the disease from progressing.

Risk Factors

Several factors can increase the risk of developing colorectal cancer, including:

• Age: Most cases occur in people over 50, though rates are rising among younger adults.
• Family history: A history of colorectal cancer or polyps in close relatives increases risk.
• Diet: Diets high in red and processed meats and low in fiber, fruits, and vegetables can contribute to higher risk.
• Lifestyle: Lack of physical activity, obesity, smoking, and excessive alcohol consumption are associated with an increased risk.
• Medical conditions: Inflammatory bowel diseases, such as Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, can heighten the likelihood of developing colorectal cancer.

Symptoms to Watch For

Colorectal cancer may not present symptoms in its early stages, which is why screening is crucial. However, as the disease progresses, some common signs may include:

• Persistent changes in bowel habits (diarrhea, constipation, or narrow stools)
• Blood in the stool or rectal bleeding
• Unexplained weight loss
• Ongoing abdominal discomfort (cramps, gas, or pain)
• Fatigue or weakness

If you experience any of these symptoms, it is important to consult a healthcare professional.

The Importance of Screening

Screening is the most effective way to detect colorectal cancer early, often before symptoms appear. The most common screening methods include:

• Colonoscopy: The most thorough screening method, allowing for both detection and removal of polyps.
• Stool-based tests: These detect blood or DNA markers of cancer in a stool sample.
• Flexible sigmoidoscopy: A procedure similar to a colonoscopy but examines only part of the colon.

The American Cancer Society recommends that individuals at average risk begin screening at age 45. Those with higher risk factors may need to start earlier or be screened more frequently.

Prevention Strategies

While some risk factors, such as age and family history, cannot be changed, lifestyle choices play a significant role in prevention. Consider these steps to lower your risk:

• Maintain a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains.
• Reduce consumption of red and processed meats.
• Stay physically active and maintain a healthy weight.
• Avoid smoking and limit alcohol intake.
• Get regular screenings as recommended by your doctor.

Final Thoughts

Colorectal cancer is a serious but largely preventable disease. Awareness, early detection, and healthy lifestyle choices can significantly reduce the risk and improve outcomes. Talk to your doctor about your risk factors and the best screening options for you. Prioritizing your health today can lead to a healthier future.